Effectiveness of Dark Chocolate and Carrot Juice on Perceived Labor Pain During Stage 1 of Birth Delivery Among Primigravida: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Dark chocolate and carrot juice may positively decline the pain. However, there is a lack evidence the impact of combination dark chocolate and carrot juice on labor pain during stage 1 of birth delivery among primigravida. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of dark chocolate and carrot juice on perceived labor pain during stage 1 of birth delivery among primigravida. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with participants who received dark chocolate (n=30), carrot juice (n=30), and control group (n=30). Pain level was assessed by using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) before the intervention and at 30 hours after intervention. The Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance tests and general equational model were used. Results: Data were collected and analyzed before and after 60 minutes of intervention. Our results showed a significant interaction between the group and time, with both groups independently ameliorating labor pain. Conclusion: Dark chocolate and carrot juice therapies independently lowered pain labor in primigravida mothers, making them a viable treatment for advanced pain labor.

Effectiveness of a Health Belief Model-Based Education Program on Self-Efficacy and Preparedness for Infectious Disasters in Rural Populations.

BACKGROUND: Health education programs can enhance self-efficacy and disaster preparedness. However, research incorporating the Health Belief Model (HBM) in education for infectious disasters is lacking. AIMS: Examine the effectiveness of an HBM-based education program on self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness for infectious disasters in rural populations. METHODS: In total, 109 eligible participants were allocated to two groups: participants who received HBM-based education (n = 55) or regular education (n = 54), presented at in-person meetings, with individual follow-up conducted on WhatsApp. Self-reported self-efficacy and preparedness for infectious disasters in both groups were measured at 4 and 8 weeks. FINDINGS: Participants showed a significant interaction between groups and in time to increase in self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported preparedness to deal with infectious disasters. After 4 and 8 weeks, the groups had statistically significant differences (p≤.001) in all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: HBM-based education was associated with increased self-reported self-efficacy and self-reported infectious disaster preparedness among the rural population. Follow-up by nurses is essential to implementing continuing health belief education programs to enhance rural populations' self-efficacy and infectious disaster preparedness.

Green Tea Extract has a Protective Effect on Leptin and Lipid Profile Levels Due to the Induction of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate.

Background: Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a progesterone derivative synthesized in the laboratory. This substance has the ability to suppress ovulation, induce endometrial shrinkage, and even affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in the reproductive system. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of green tea extract on reducing visceral fat, increasing leptin levels, and improving the lipid profile in female rats injected with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Results: This study was to look into the effects of green tea extract administration on visceral fat reduction, leptin levels, and lipid profile improvement as a result of DMPA administration. Analysis of HDL and LDL levels was performed by spectrophotometry. DMPA induced a significant increase in leptin levels compared with the control group (p 0.05). All doses of green tea extract can reduce this increase, with the highest doses reaching levels comparable to the control group (p > 0.05). DMPA significantly increased LDL levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and the highest green tea extract dose restored levels similar to the control group. DMPA triggered a decrease in HDL level that was significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05). The first dose of green tea extract can achieve HDL levels comparable to the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea extract can protect the metabolic status through decreased leptin and an improvement of the lipid profile induced by DMPA.

Regular Gymnastics for Three Weeks Lowers Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Older Women.

Background: The goal of this study is to see how elderly gymnastics affect blood pressure, plasma glucose levels, and total cholesterol levels in women over the age of 65. Objective: The purpose of this study is to look into the effects of gymnastics on changes in blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and total cholesterol levels in the elderly.. Methods: Thirty-four female elderly women were divided into two groups: those who received gymnastics and those who did not. For three weeks, regular gymnastics exercises were performed on a weekly basis. Blood pressure, plasma glucose levels, and total cholesterol levels were measured using standard techniques and methods. Results: When compared to controls, regular gymnastics exercise can significantly lower blood pressure (p < 0.05). This decrease is also observed in total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elderly gymnastics was found to lower blood pressure and total cholesterol levels in the elderly. As a result, elderly gymnastics could be a viable option for preventing cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.

Protective effect of green tea on tunica adventitia and endothelial changes resulting from depot medroxy progesterone acetate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the effects of green tea in inhibiting uterine atrophy and vascular changes due to the use of depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA). METHODS: Twenty-five female Wistar rats aged one to two months were randomly assigned to five treatment groups: control group, DMPA-induced group, and DMPA-induced group orally treated with green tea extract (at 10.8 mg/day, 21.6 mg/day, or 43.2 mg/day). Histologic analysis of uterine and vascular tissues was performed with haematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: DMPA decreased the thickness of endometrium and tunica adventitia, as well as significantly decreased endothelial cell count (p < 0.05). DMPA-induced decreases in the thickness of tunica adventitia and endothelial cell count could be significantly inhibited by green tea extract (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that DMPA triggered the depletion of uterine endometrium and vascular tunica adventitia and decreased endothelial cell count. Green tea extract at the highest dose normalized tunica adventitia and endothelial changes to the basal value.

High dose of green tea infusion normalized spiral artery density in rats treated with the depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea (GT) on the spiral artery density and endometrial thickness in female rats treated with the depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 female rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 each): The control group (no treatment), the DMPA-treated group, treated with DMPA and GT doses of 165 mg/kg of body weight/day, and treated with DMPA and GT doses of 330 mg/kg of body weight/day. Spiral artery density and endometrial thickness were subjected to histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Spiral artery density decreased in the DMPA-treated group, despite the insignificant difference (P > 0.05). With regard to the administration of GT at doses of 165 and 330 mg/g of body weight/day, only GT at the high dose was capable of significantly preventing a decrease in spiral artery density (P < 0.05). At this dose, the spiral arteries achieved a density comparable to that of the control group (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of DMPA and/or DMPA with GT did not cause significant changes in endometrial thickness relative to the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: DMPA induced a decrease in spiral artery density, despite the insignificant differences, and these changes could be normalized by the administration of high doses of GT. Therefore, GT could be a candidate herb to prevent the adverse effects of the contraceptive DMPA.